**Virtual University Of Pakistan**Student Cafe: 12/07/12

Friday, December 7, 2012

.::VULMSIT::.eNoxel.com Free Conference Seminar: Your Role as a SAP Consultant on a project - MM WM SD FICO PP CRM HR/HCM BIBW & ASAP methodology - 101ERP

Join us every Monday at 9.30 PM EST. Please find the meeting details at events.101erp.com
This conference seminar will give you a good understanding on what roles you will be playing as an SAP consultant in real projects.
Thanks

--
--
Virtual University of Pakistan*** IT n CS Blog
================================
http://www.eNoxel.com
http://www.enoxelit.tk
http://www.geniusweb.tk

and Please do Share this group with your Friends and Class Fellows so that our Circle would expand and can be more useful for other Students.

Thanks, n Best of Luck......

You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
Groups "vulms" group.
To post to this group, send email to vulmsit@googlegroups.com
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
vulmsit+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com
For more options, visit this group at
http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit?hl=en?hl=en
---
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "vulms" group.
Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit?hl=en-GB.

.::VULMSIT::.eNoxel.com Free Conference Seminar: Your Role as a SAP Consultant on a project - MM WM SD FICO PP CRM HR/HCM BIBW & ASAP methodology - 101ERP

.::VULMSIT::.eNoxel.com CS502 - SHORT QUESTION ASNWER WITH REFFERENCE

CS502 - Fundamental of Algorithm

Short- Question Answer

QNo.1 What is heap and what is heap order? (Mark2)

Answer:-

The heap is the section of computer memory where all the variables created or initialized at runtime are stored. The heap order property: in a

(min) heap, for every node X, the key in the parent is smaller than or equal to the key in X.

Ref: Handouts Page no. 40

QNo.2 Quick sort such that sort the array in to non-increasing order? (Mark2)

Answer:-

Quick sorting, an array A[1..n] of n numbers We are to reorder these elements into increasing (or decreasing) order. More generally, A is an array of objects and we sort them based on one of the attributes - the key value. The key value need not be a number. It can be any object from a totally ordered domain. Totally ordered domain means that for any two elements of the domain, x and y, either x < y, x = y or x > y.

Ref: Handouts Page no. 40

QNo.3 Draw the cost table for chain multiplication problem with initial states(Mark3)

Answer:-

(A1)(A2A3A4 . . .An)

or (A1A2)(A3A4 . . .An)

or (A1A2A3)(A4 . . .An)

. . . . . .

or (A1A2A3A4 . . .An−1)(An)

Ref: Handouts Page no. 90

QNo.4 we can avoid unnecessary repetitions for recursive calls? (Mark3)

Answer:-

We can avoid these unnecessary repetitions by writing down the results of recursive calls and looking them up again if we need them later. This process is called memorization

Ref: Handouts Page no. 49

Worst case for edit distance algorithm? What is the simple change that can change the worst case time ? 5 marks

Answer:-

Analysis of DP edit distance

There are entries in the matrix. Each entry E(i,j) takes time to compute. The total running is Recursion clearly leads to the same repetitive call pattern that we saw in Fibonnaci sequence. To avoid this, we will use the DP approach. We will build the solutionb bottom-up. We will use the base case E(0,j) to fill first row and the base case E(I,0) to fill first column. We will fill the remaining E matrix row by row.

Ref: Handouts Page no. 14

Describe an efficient algorithm to find the median of a set of 106 integers; it is known that there are fewer than 100 distinct integers in the set

Solution:-

Step1:Start

Step2:Find the 100 distinct numbers among 10^6 integers.

Step3:Sort the 100 distinct numbers

Step4:Count the distinct numbers

Step5: if count is odd,middle number is the median

Step6:if count is even,add the middle two numbers then divide by 2,the result is the median Step5:End

number.

Ref: Handouts Page no. 34

What is the formula for generating Catalan numbers?

Solution

Equation (22) is a recurrence relation.
C_(n+1) = C_n * [2(2n+1)] / (n+2)

we have the values of n in one column and the values of C_n in another, then to put this formula in Excel, on the (n+1)-th row just replace C_n and n with the appropriate cells from the previous row.

Ref: Handouts Page no. 85

What are Catalan numbers? Give the formula.

Catalan numbers form a sequence of natural numbers that occur in variouscounting problems, often involving recursively defined objects

Formula is C(n) = 2n Cn / (n+1)

Ref: Handouts Page no. 85

Q-Write a pseudo code Fibonacci With memorization? -- (3)

Sol
MEMOFIB(n)
1 if (n < 2)
2 then return n
3 if (F[n] is undefined)
4 then F[n] MEMOFIB(n − 1) + MEMOFIB(n − 2)
5 return F[n]

Ref: Handouts Page no. 12, 74

Q – Write Down the steps of Dynamic programming (5)

Dynamic programming is essentially recursion without repetition. Developing a dynamic programming
algorithm generally involves two separate steps:

· Formulate problem recursively. Write down a formula for the whole problem as a simple
combination of answers to smaller sub problems.

· Build solution to recurrence from bottom up. Write an algorithm that starts with base cases and works its way up to the final solution.

Dynamic programming algorithms need to store the results of intermediate sub problems. This is often but not always done with some kind of table. We will now cover a number of examples of problems in which the solution is based on dynamic programming strategy.

Ref: Handouts Page no. 74 – 77

How we build heap

We build a max heap out of the given array of numbers A[1..n]. We repeatedly extract the maximum item from the heap. Once the max item is removed, we are left with a hole at the root.

Ref: Handouts Page no. 41

Write Pseudo code for KNAPSACK algorithm? 5 marks

Solution:

KNAPSACK (n, W)

1 for w=0,W

2 do V[0,w]ß0

3 for i=0,n

4 do V[i,0]ß0

5 for w=0,W

6 do if(wi w& +V[i-1,w- ]>V[i-1,w])

7 then V[I,w]ß +V[i-1,w]

8 else V[i,w]ßV[i-1,w]

The time complexity is clearly O(n,W), it must be cautioned that as n and W get large, both time and space complexity become significant.

Ref: Handouts Page no. 96

Spelling correction in edit distance? 3 marks

A better way to display this editing process is to place the words above the other:

S D I M D M

M A - T H S

A - R T - S

THE FIRST WORD HAS AGAP FOR EVERY INSERTION (1)AND THE SECOND WORD HAS A GAP FOR EVERY DELETION (D). MATHES (M) DO NOT COUNT. THE EDIT TRANSCRIPT IS DEFINED AS A STRING OVER THE ALPHABETM,S,I,d THAT DESCRIBES A TRANSFORMATION OF ONE STRING INTO OTHER. FOR EXAMPLE

S D I M D M

1+1+1+0+1+0+=4
Ref: Handouts Page no. 77

Differentiate b/w Bubble sort, insertion sort and selection sort? 3 marks

SOLUTION:

Bubble sort: scan the array. Whenever two consecutive items are found that are out of order, swap them. Repeat until all consecutive items are in order.

Insertion sort: assume that A[1…i-1] have already been sorted. Insert A[i] into its proper position in this sub array. Create this position by shifting all larger elements to the right.

Selection sort:

Assume that A[1..i-1] contain the i-1 smallest elements in sorted order. Find the smallest in A[i….n] swap it with A[i].

Ref: Handouts Page no. 54

Write down the steps of dynamic programming strategy. (2 marks)

Solution:

Developing a dynamic programming algorithm generally involves two separate steps:

1_formulate problem recursively.

Write down a formula for the whole problem as a simple combination of answers to smaller sub problems.

2_ Build solution to recurrence from bottom up:

Ref: Handouts Page no. 75

Solve the recursion problem. (5marks.)

Solution:

Recursion clearly leads to the same repetitive call pattern that we saw in Fibonnaci sequence. To avoid this, we will use the DP approach. We will build the solutionb bottom-up. We will use the base case E(0,j) to fill first row and the base case E(I,0) to fill first column. We will fill the remaining E matrix row by row.

If we trace through the recursive calls to MemoFib, we find that array F[] gets filled from bottom up…i.e., first F[2], then F[3], and so on, upto F[n]. we can replace recursion with a simple for-loop that just fills up the array F[] in that order.

• We are given an array of n elements of x1 , x2 ,x3 , ,,,,xn,
suggest best sorting algorithm of order On. (5 marks).

Solution:

The main shortcoming of counting sort is that it is useful for small integers, i.e., 1…k where k is small. If this were a million more, the size of the rank array would also be a million. Radix sort provides a nice work around this limitation by sorting numbers one digit at a time.

Zindagi mein 2 Logo ka buhat khayal rahkoooo
Ist woh jiss ney tumhari jeet ke Liye buhat kuch hara hoo

(Father)

2nd woh jiss ko tum ney har dukh me pukaara hoo (Mother)

Regards,

Umair Saulat Mc100403250

.::VULMSIT::.eNoxel.com Moderator's spam report for vulmsit@googlegroups.com

This message is being sent to you because you are a moderator of the group vulmsit.

The following suspicious messages were sent to your group, but are being held in your moderation queue because they are classified as likely spam messages.

If you take no action, all the messages below will be discarded automatically as spam.

However, if you see any messages that are not spam below, you may approve them individually by going to:

http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg

Please do not mark this notification as spam; this is a service for group moderators. If you do not wish to receive these notifications in the future, you may change your preferences by going to:

http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/manage_post

------- 1 of 18 -------
Subject: Today Online Quran & Online Hadith 05 December 2012 (20th Muharram 1434)
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 05 07:57AM +0500

<http://www.gophoto.it/view.php?i=http://api.ning.com:80/files/qFQO2CCIhZ3nQY6VnIBwX9K9Fm8UCrKMMpjcaVCEcd5tdbp7inJeSIuHyhAdoTcWXOBLu*HMgchqE4UC97y*ug__/image001.jpg>

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=5777662478681760932

------- 2 of 18 -------
Subject: ECO402 - Microeconomics Online Quiz No.2 Conference At 10:00 am and 07:00 Pm on 05-12-2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 05 09:46AM +0500

Asslam.o.Alaikum

Dear Students

Virtualians Social Network has started Quiz. Conference of VU Online
Quizzes for Virtual University Students.

The main purpose of such quiz conferences is to motivate encourages and
create a class environment

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=3904430159051778950

------- 3 of 18 -------
Subject: ISL201 Islamic Studies Online Quiz No.2 Conference At 12:00 pm and 09:00 Pm on 05-12-2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 05 09:47AM +0500

Asslam.o.Alaikum

Dear Students

Virtualians Social Network has started Quiz. Conference of VU Online
Quizzes for Virtual University Students.

The main purpose of such quiz conferences is to motivate encourages and
create a class environment

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=3764957380187106945

------- 4 of 18 -------
Subject: CS401 Computer Architecture and Assembly Language Programming Online Quiz No.2 Conference At 02:00 pm and 10:00 Pm on 05-12-2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 05 09:48AM +0500

Asslam.o.Alaikum

Dear Students

Virtualians Social Network has started Quiz. Conference of VU Online
Quizzes for Virtual University Students.

The main purpose of such quiz conferences is to motivate encourages and
create a class environment

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=3384067131010546703

------- 5 of 18 -------
Subject: ENG101 English Comprehension Quiz No.2 Conference At 04:00 pm on 05-12-2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 05 10:29AM +0500

Asslam.o.Alaikum

Dear Students

Virtualians Social Network has started Quiz. Conference of VU Online
Quizzes for Virtual University Students.

The main purpose of such quiz conferences is to motivate encourages and
create a class environment

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=5319971249721031575

------- 6 of 18 -------
Subject: ENG201 Business and Technical English Writing Online Quiz No.2 Conference At 03:00 pm on 05-12-2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 05 10:30AM +0500

Asslam.o.Alaikum

Dear Students

Virtualians Social Network has started Quiz. Conference of VU Online
Quizzes for Virtual University Students.

The main purpose of such quiz conferences is to motivate encourages and
create a class environment

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=5551159671657095412

------- 7 of 18 -------
Subject: MGT602 - Entrepreneurship Online Quiz No.2 Conference At 05:00 pm on 05-12-2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 05 11:43AM +0500

Asslam.o.Alaikum

Dear Students

Virtualians Social Network has started Quiz. Conference of VU Online
Quizzes for Virtual University Students.

The main purpose of such quiz conferences is to motivate encourages and
create a class environment

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=1913319944989407566

------- 8 of 18 -------
Subject: CS304 Object Oriented Programming (Rescheduled) Online Quiz No.2 Conference At 06:00 pm on 05-12-2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 05 11:45AM +0500

Asslam.o.Alaikum

Dear Students

Virtualians Social Network has started Quiz. Conference of VU Online
Quizzes for Virtual University Students.

The main purpose of such quiz conferences is to motivate encourages and
create a class environment

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=6650831937264686201

------- 9 of 18 -------
Subject: Take this Online SAP test and see where you stand - 101ERP
From: ARUN P <simp.biz39@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 05 02:10AM -0500

Take this quick test folks - Gives you an idea on what roles a SAP
consultant plays on a project and also gives an insight from interview
point of view for SAP aspirants

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=6334032274760281259

------- 10 of 18 -------
Subject: Today Online Quran & Online Hadith 06 December 2012 (21th Muharram 1434)
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 06 07:41AM +0500

<http://www.gophoto.it/view.php?i=http://api.ning.com:80/files/qFQO2CCIhZ3nQY6VnIBwX9K9Fm8UCrKMMpjcaVCEcd5tdbp7inJeSIuHyhAdoTcWXOBLu*HMgchqE4UC97y*ug__/image001.jpg>

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=826881059474057208

------- 11 of 18 -------
Subject: MGT502 - Organizational Behavior Online Quiz No.2 Conference At 06:00 pm on 06-12-2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 06 08:17AM +0500

Asslam.o.Alaikum

Dear Students

Virtualians Social Network has started Quiz. Conference of VU Online
Quizzes for Virtual University Students.

The main purpose of such quiz conferences is to motivate encourages and
create a class environment

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=742828588765509984

------- 12 of 18 -------
Subject: ENG201 Business and Technical English Writing Online Quiz No.2 Conference At 04:00 pm and 10:00 pm on 06-12-2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 06 08:22AM +0500

Asslam.o.Alaikum

Dear Students

Virtualians Social Network has started Quiz. Conference of VU Online
Quizzes for Virtual University Students.

The main purpose of such quiz conferences is to motivate encourages and
create a class environment

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=5715780606451679381

------- 13 of 18 -------
Subject: ENG101 English Comprehension Quiz No.2 Conference At 03:00 pm and 11:00 pm on 06-12-2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 06 08:25AM +0500

Asslam.o.Alaikum

Dear Students

Virtualians Social Network has started Quiz. Conference of VU Online
Quizzes for Virtual University Students.

The main purpose of such quiz conferences is to motivate encourages and
create a class environment

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=7492353478031559229

------- 14 of 18 -------
Subject: CS201 Introduction to Programming Online Quiz No.2 Conference At 10:00 am and 07:00 pm on 06-12-2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 06 08:29AM +0500

Asslam.o.Alaikum

Dear Students

Virtualians Social Network has started Quiz. Conference of VU Online
Quizzes for Virtual University Students.

The main purpose of such quiz conferences is to motivate encourages and
create a class environment

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=6828136282828511007

------- 15 of 18 -------
Subject: CS601 Data Communication Online Quiz No.2 Conference At 12:00 pm and 09:00 pm on 06-12-2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 06 08:35AM +0500

Asslam.o.Alaikum

Dear Students

Virtualians Social Network has started Quiz. Conference of VU Online
Quizzes for Virtual University Students.

The main purpose of such quiz conferences is to motivate encourages and
create a class environment

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=8269138157335348725

------- 16 of 18 -------
Subject: All Subjects Midterm Solved Paper, Short Notes, Faqs and Glossary for Midterm Exam Preparation Fall 2012
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 06 09:36PM +0500

*Asslam.o.alaikum*
*
*
*Dear Students All Subjects Midterm Solved Paper, Short Notes, Faqs and
Glossary for Midterm Exam Preparation Fall 2012 has posted *
*
*
*Click here select your to read and download All Midterm Solved Paper,

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=3880658139096530123

------- 17 of 18 -------
Subject: MIT 1st semester ALL MID term paperz in one maga palce, in one Mail ........(eagle_eye)
From: "◄::-:: eagle_eye ::-::►" <fantasy.eagle@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 06 11:55PM +0500

*AOA to all dearz...*

* *

*Welcome all MIT new students in VU
*

*
*

*Dear new students herez' are some paperz that helps you all in mid term
study… *

* *

*Here'z is the all MIT 1st semester MID TERM paperz...

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=8610370402683701799

------- 18 of 18 -------
Subject: Today Online Quran & Online Hadith 07 December 2012 (22th Muharram 1434)
From: "www.virtualians.pk" <irfankhan0044@gmail.com>
Date: Dec 07 07:15AM +0500

<http://www.gophoto.it/view.php?i=http://api.ning.com:80/files/qFQO2CCIhZ3nQY6VnIBwX9K9Fm8UCrKMMpjcaVCEcd5tdbp7inJeSIuHyhAdoTcWXOBLu*HMgchqE4UC97y*ug__/image001.jpg>

Approve: http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit/pendmsg?view=full&pending_id=1598856822803479065

For more information about this message, please visit:
https://support.google.com/groups/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=47792

--
--
Virtual University of Pakistan*** IT n CS Blog
================================
http://www.eNoxel.com
http://www.enoxelit.tk
http://www.geniusweb.tk

and Please do Share this group with your Friends and Class Fellows so that our Circle would expand and can be more useful for other Students.

Thanks, n Best of Luck......

You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
Groups "vulms" group.
To post to this group, send email to vulmsit@googlegroups.com
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
vulmsit+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com
For more options, visit this group at
http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit?hl=en?hl=en
---
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "vulms" group.
Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/vulmsit?hl=en-GB.