CS408- Human Computer Interaction
Solved Subjective Fall Semester 2012
QNo.1 it has been observed that most computer users use menu option for input instead of keyboard accelerator. What is the reason behind it? (2 Marks)
Answer:-
1. Menu options are easier to find.
2. You don't have to memories the keys for menu option but for key board accelerators you have to memories them
REF:: Handouts Page No. 127
QNo.2 Define active intervention. (2 Marks)
Answer:-
Active intervention with the participant and actively probes the participant understands of whatever is being tested.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 276
QNo.3 what is Ubiquitous Computing? (2 Marks)
Answer:-
The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it. These words have inspired a new generation of researchers in the area of ubiquitous computing
REF:: Handouts Page No. 140
QNo.4 which display device is very cheap and has fast enough response time for rapid animation with high color compatibility? (2 Marks)
Answer:-
The CRT is a cheap display device and has fast enough response times for rapid animation coupled with a high color capability.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 119
QNo.5 By breakdown Skelton plane into its component elements then how all piece fit together to create this as whole user experience? (3 Marks)
Answer:-
Beneath that surface is the skeleton of the site: the placement of buttons, tabs, photos, and blocks of text. The skeleton is designed to optimize the arrangement of these elements for maximum effect and efficiency
REF:: Handouts Page No. 306
QNo.6 Explain Meta data in term of data processing. (3 Marks)
Answer:-
In data processing, meta-data is definitional data that provides information about or documentation of other data managed within an application or environment
REF:: Handouts Page No. 406
QNo.7 suppose you are a system analyst, with your work experience, briefly describe when it is useful to observe in contrast to observation process? (3 Marks)
Answer:-
Being a system analyst, Early in design, observation helps designers understand users' needs. Other types of observation are done later to examine whether the developing prototype meets users' needs.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 361
QNo.8 Describe any five usability goals of Internet Explorer. (5 Marks)
Answer:-
Usability is broken down into the following goals:
1. Effective to use (effectiveness)
2. Efficient to use (efficiency)
3. Safe to use(safety)
4. Have good utility (utility)
5. Easy to learn (learnability)
1. Effectiveness
It is a very general goal and refers to how good a system at doing what it is suppose to do.
2. Efficiency
It refers to the way a system supports users in carrying out their tasks.
3. Safety
It involves protecting the users from dangerous conditions and undesirable situations. In relation to the first ergonomics aspect, it refers to the external conditions where people work.
4. Utility
It refers to the extent to which the system provides the right kind of functionality so that user can do what they need or want to do
5. Learnability
It refers to how easy a system is to learn to use. It is well known that people do not like spending a long time learning how to use a system
REF:: Handouts Page No. 31
QNo.9 when observation is useful and how to observe? (5 Marks)
Answer:-
Observing is useful at any time during product development. Early in design, observation helps designers understand users' needs.
How to observe
The same basic data-collection tools are used for laboratory and field studies (i.e., direct observation, taking notes, collecting video, etc.) but the way in which they are used is different. In the laboratory the emphasis is on the details of what individuals do, while in the field the context is important and the focus is on how people interact with each other, the technology, and their environment. Furthermore, the equipment in the laboratory is usually set up in advance and is relatively static whereas in the field it usually must be moved around. In this section we discuss how to observe, and then examine the practicalities and compare data-collection tools.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 361
QNo.10 Difference between Semi-structure interview and focus group interview. (5 Marks)
Answer:-
| Semi-Structure Interview | Focus Group Interview |
| · Semi-structured, interviews combine features of structured and unstructured inter views and use both closed and open questions. · Use of pre-determined questions provides uniformity · Requires some level of training or practice in order to prevent interviewer suggesting answers · It also allows respondents to discuss and raise issues that you may not have considered | · One form of group interview is the focus group that is frequently used in marketing, political campaigning, and social sciences research. · Normally three to 10 people are involved. · Focus groups are also attractive because they are low-cost, provide quick results, and can easily be scaled to gather more data. · A preset agenda is developed to guide the discussion |
REF:: Handouts Page No. 373
QNo.10 Differentiate between Visual Art and Visual Design?
Answer:-
| Visual Art | Visual Design |
| · Visual art is art such as paintings, photographs, sculptures, · The term visual art separates those kinds of art from music, dance, and drama. · It is two-dimensional. Visual arts are things like paintings, drawings, visual designs, photography, and computer art. · There is no "designing" for a purpose; it's just creating something visually appealing. | · Visual design is the way a piece of artwork, a room, yard, video game, photo or other artistic subject is composed and appeals to the human eye · Photoshop designs for each page, page type, module within an app/site/software. · Creates or contributes to style guides detailing how everything looks and how it fits into the larger strategy. |
QNo.11 which theory claimed Problem solving is both productive and reproductive what are controlled vocabularies?
Answer:-
Gestalt theory
Gestalt psychologists were answering the claim, made by behaviorists, that problem solving is a matter of reproducing known responses or trial and error. This explanation was considered by the Gestalt school to be insufficient to account for human problem solving behavior.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 91
QNo.12 how active intervention technique performed?
Answer:-
Active intervention is particularly useful early in design. It is an excellent technique to use with prototypes, because it provides a wealth of diagnostic information. It is not the technique to use; however, if your primary concern is to measure time to complete tasks or to find out how often users will call the help desk. To do a useful active intervention test, you have to define your goals and concerns, plan the questions you will use as probes, and be careful not to bias participants by asking leading questions.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 276
QNo.13 Application software implemented in file system model?
Answer:-
Software implemented in the file system model: Our software is already designed and built that way, and users are used to it neither of these arguments is valid. The first one is irrelevant because new programs written with a unified file model can freely coexist with the older implementation model applications. The underlying file system doesn't change at all. In much the same way that toolbars quickly invaded the interfaces of most applications in the last few years, the unified file model could also be implemented with similar success and user acclaim.
The second argument is more insidious, because its proponents place the user community in front of them like a shield. What's more, if you ask users themselves, they will reject the new solution because they abhor change, particularly when that change affects something they have already worked hard to master — like the file system. However, users are not always the best predictors of design successes, especially when the designs are different from anything they've already experienced,
REF:: Handouts Page No. 330
QNo.14 explain metadata in term of data processing
Answer:-
In data processing, meta-data is definitional data that provides information about or documentation of other data managed within an application or environment.
For example:-
Meta-data would document data about data elements or attributes (name, size, data type, etc) and data about records or data structures (length, fields, columns, etc) and data about data (where it is located, how it is associated, ownership, etc.).
REF:: Handouts Page No. 406
QNo.15 Point out the problem with Excise task?
Answer:-
The problem with excise tasks is that the effort we expend in doing them doesn't go directly towards accomplishing our goals. Where we can eliminate the need for excise tasks, we make the user more effective and productive and improve the usability of the software.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 246
QNo.16 Define controlled Vocabularies?
Answer:-
Vocabulary control comes in many shapes and sizes. At its most vague, a controlled vocabulary is any defined subset of natural language. At its simplest, a controlled vocabulary is a list of equivalent terms in the form of a synonym ring, or a list of preferred terms in the form of an authority file.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 407
QNo.17 Write principles to prevent user privacy?
Answer:-
Most previous evaluations in human-computer interaction, these studies can be done without users knowing that they are being studied. This raises ethical concerns, chief among which are issues of privacy, confidentiality, informed consent, and appropriation of others' personal stories (Sharf, 1999). People often say things online that they would not say face to face.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 268
QNo.18 what is Scope Plane in context of elements of user experience?
Answer:-
On the software side, the strategy is translated into scope through the creation of functional specifications: a detailed description of the "feature set" of the product. On the information space side, scope takes the form of content requirements: a description of the various content elements that will be required. Now we can map that whole confusing array of terms into the model. By breaking each plane down into its component elements, we'll be able to take a closer look at how all the pieces fit together to create the whole user experience.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 308
QNo.19 by breaking down Skeleton plane into its component elements then how all the pieces fit together to create this as a whole user experience?
Answer:-
The skeleton plane breaks down into three components.
- On both sides, we must address information design:
The presentation of information in a way that facilitates understanding.
- For software products:
The skeleton also includes interface design, or arranging interface elements to enable users to interact with the functionality of the system.
- The interface for an information space is its navigation design:
The set of screen elements that allow the user to move through the information architecture
REF:: Handouts Page No. 308
QNo.20 what "function" will create a copy of the original document in MS Word?
Answer:-
The word snapshot makes it clear that the copy is identical to the original, while also making it clear that the copy is not tied to the original in any way. That is, subsequent changes to the original will have no effect on the copy.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 326
QNo.21 Define Strategy and Scope planes?
Answer:-
Strategy Planes
The scope is fundamentally determined by the strategy of the site. This strategy incorporates not only what the people running the site want to get out of it but what the users want to get out of the site as well. In the case of our bookstore example, some of the strategic objectives are pretty obvious: Users want to buy books, and we want to sell them. Other objectives might not be so easy to articulate.
Scope planes
On the software side, the strategy is translated into scope through the creation of functional specifications: a detailed description of the "feature set" of the product. On the information space side, scope takes the form of content requirements: a description of the various content elements that will be required.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 307, 308
QNo.22 Usability tests?
Answer:-
In most usability tests, you have one participant at a time working with the product. You usually leave that person alone and observe from a corner of the room or from behind a one-way mirror.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 275
QNo.23 Identify the main components that make up a global navigation system in context of a web.
Answer:-
Web designers use the term penitent navigation (or global navigation) to describe the set of navigation elements that appear on every page of a site, Persistent navigation should include the five elements you most need to have on hand at all times.
- The Home page.
- Forms.
- Site ID
- The Sections
- The Utilities
REF:: Handouts Page No. 287,288
QNo.24 You are a software engineer and design different applications that are usable for users without modifications. How do you define accessibility with respect to emerging paradigm? (5)
Answer:-
Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a system is usable by as many people as possible without modification. It is not to be confused with usability which is used to describe how easily a thing can be used by any type of user. One meaning of accessibility specifically focuses on people with disabilities and their use of assistive devices such as screen-reading web browsers or wheelchairs.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 408
QNo.25 Suppose you are an HCI specialist, what do you think that evaluation of design or product is beneficial? Justify your point of view. (5 marks)
Answer:-
HCI specialists test design ideas on real users and use formal evaluation techniques to replace intuition in guiding design. This constant reality check improves the final product.
o most effectively develop programs and products designed to meet customer needs, all operations are strongly science based. For example, our research and development teams emphasize improving rearing methodologies for current and new products, designing consistently significant quality control evaluations, improving natural enemy delivery methodologies and developing technologies for field population monitoring. Our science-based efforts are the best means to achieve and maintain the highest standards of program and product quality.
- Problems are fixed before the product is shipped, not after.
- The team can concentrate on real problems, not imaginary ones.
- Engineers code instead of debating.
- Time to market is sharply reduced.
- Finally, upon first release, your sales department has a rock-solid design it can sell without having to pepper their pitches with how it will all actually work in release 1.1 or 2.0.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 21,257
QNo.26 Match the following regarding Goal-Directed Design (5marks)
| A | B |
| Research | Users and use Context |
| Modeling | Definition of user, business& technical needs |
| Requirements | Definition of design structure & flow |
| Framework | Of behavior, form & content |
| Refinement | User and the Domain |
Answer:-
| A | B |
| Research | User and the Domain |
| Modeling | Users and use Context |
| Requirements | Definition of user, business& technical needs |
| Framework | Definition of design structure & flow |
| Refinement | Of behavior, form & content |
REF:: Handouts Page No. 155
QNo.27 Suppose you are creating an account on yahoo, fill all the required information but forget to retype password. As you click on submit button a warning is message appears "This information is required" on retype password field. Yahoo suggests that your registration will not be submitted until you retype password. Explain this specific characteristic of considerate software.(3 marks)
Answer:-
It ensures there are no mistakes while typing the password because retyping matches and makes sure you do not make a mistake. You can type an error password once but not twice. This is a security check and it's good for user.
QNo.28 you are assigned to perform trunk test on website "amazon.com". Write down all the necessary steps to perform the trunk test.(3 marks)
Answer:-
Imagine that you've been blindfolded and locked in the trunk of a car, then driven around for a while and dumped on a page somewhere deep in the bowels of a Web site. If the page is well designed, when your vision clears you should be able to answer these questions without hesitation:
- What site is this? (Site ID) amazon.com
- • What page am I on? (Page name)
- • What are the major sections of this site? (Sections)
- • What are my options at this level? (Local navigation)
- • Where am I in the scheme of things? ("You are here" indicators)
- • How can I search?
REF:: Handouts Page No. 296
QNo.29 I am working on a web site and have designed a home page. The information I added does not
fit into screen size of computer. I do not want to remove any data from this page. Is this any solution that all data can be shown to user?(3 marks)
Answer:-
Tabs can be used to group related data under one heading and then creating different sections. Scroll bars can be used for data which does not fit on one screen. Different sections can be created with a heading and some content given on main page with a "Read More" indicator. This will take user to a new page if user is interested in reading more.
QNo.30 Suppose you are a web developer. While designing web applications you use metadata tags in your application that make efficient search? Briefly explain metadata and its purpose in web site. (3 marks)
Answer:-
A web site is a collection of interconnected systems with complex dependencies. A single link on a page can simultaneously be part of the site's structure, organization, labeling, navigation, and searching systems. It's useful to study these systems independently, but it's also crucial to consider how they interact. Reductionism will not tell us the whole truth.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 406
QNo.31 Suppose you are an HCI specialist and have to perform the usability testing for those products
that do not even have to involve any hardware or software. Which usability testing techniques you will use in this case. (2 marks)
Answer:-
Usability testing was the dominant approach in the 1980s (Whiteside et al., 1998), and remains important, although, as you will see, field studies and heuristic evaluations have grown in prominence. REF:: Handouts Page No. 259
QNo.32 Which screen display when user launches the program and first loads into the memory?(2 marks)
Answer:-
A splash screen is a dialog box displayed when a program first loads into memory. Sometimes it may just be the about box or Identity box, displayed automatically, but more often publishers create a separate splash screen that is more engaging and visually exciting
REF:: Handouts Page No. 398
QNo.33 what is the mean by life cycle of module? Why they are used in software development.
Answer:-
Understanding what activities are involved in interaction design is the first step to being able to do it, but it is also important to consider how the activities are related to one another so that the full development process can be seen. The term lifecycle model is used to represent a model that captures a set of activities and how they are related.
SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle. A Software Development Life Cycle is essentially a series of steps, or phases, that provide a model for the development and lifecycle management of an application or piece of software. The methodology within the SDLC process can vary across industries and organizations, but standards such as ISO/IEC 12207 represent processes that establish a lifecycle for software, and provide a mode for the development, acquisition, and configuration of software systems
REF:: Handouts Page No. 149
http://www.veracode.com/security/software-development-lifecycle
QNo.34 Explain the concept of Attentive environment?
Answer:-
Attentive environments are environments that are user and context aware. One project which explores these themes is IBM's Blue Eyes research project is chartered to explore and define attentive environments.
software, and provide a mode for the development, acquisition, and configuration of software systems
REF:: Handouts Page No. 418
QNo.34 Explain the following planes of conceptual framework for development interactive
product
• The structure plane
• The strategy plane
Answer:-
· The structure plane
The skeleton is a concrete expression of the more abstract structure of the site. The skeleton might define the placement of the interface elements on our checkout page; the structure would define how users got to that page and where they could go when they were finished there. The skeleton might define the arrangement of navigational items allowing the users to browse categories of books; the structure would define what those categories actually were.
· The strategy plane
The scope is fundamentally determined by the strategy of the site. This strategy incorporates not only what the people running the site want to get out of it but what the users want to get out of the site as well. In the case of our bookstore example, some of the strategic objectives are pretty obvious: Users want to buy books, and we want to sell them. Other objectives might not be so easy to articulate.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 306 ,307
QNo.35 What are good reasons for investing in user testing which are points out by tognazzini
Answer:-
Tognazzini points out that there are five good reasons for investing in user testing:
1. Problems are fixed before the product is shipped, not after.
2. The team can concentrate on real problems, not imaginary ones.
3. Engineers code instead of debating.
4. Time to market is sharply reduced.
- Finally, upon first release, your sales department has a rock-solid design it can sell without having to pepper their pitches with how it will all actually work in release 1.1 or 2.0.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 257
QNo.36 How navigation excised justify your answer?
Answer:-
The most important thing to realize about navigation is that, in almost all cases, it represents pure excise, or something close to it. Except in games where the goal is to navigate successfully through a maze of obstacles, navigating through software does not meet user goals, needs, or desires. Unnecessary or difficult
REF:: Handouts Page No. 248
QNo.37 Why some time direct observation is not possible
Answer:-
Sometimes direct observation is not possible because it is obtrusive or evaluators cannot be present over the duration of the study, and so users' activities are tracked indirectly.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 366
QNo.38 Give two examples of "Avoidance" with respect to Attitude-oriented questions. [2
Answer:-
What would you prefer not to do?
What do you procrastinate on?
REF:: Handouts Page No. 183
QNo.39 Write any two common ways to Improve Navigation? [2]
Answer:-
- One integrated within a web site or intranet to improve navigation and retrieval, shares a common heritage with the familiar reference text but has a different form and function.
- Thesaurus is a semantic network of concepts, connecting words to their synonyms, homonyms, antonyms, broader and narrower terms, and related terms.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 408
QNo.39 List down any four principles that can help make your visual interface as easy and pleasurable to use as possible.
Answer:-
- Avoid visual noise and clutter
- Use contrast, similarity, and layering to distinguish and organize elements
- Provide visual structure and flow at each level of organization
- Use cohesive, consistent, and contextually appropriate imagery
- Integrate style and function comprehensively and purposefully
REF:: Handouts Page No. 345
QNo.40 Explain "Participants Represent Real Users" in context of usability testing.
Answer:-
While there can be wide variations in where and how you conduct a usability test, every usability test shares these five characteristics:
- The primary goal is to improve the usability of a product. For each test, you also have more specific goals and concerns that you articulate when planning the test.
- The participants represent real users.
- The participants do real tasks.
- You observe and record what participants do and say.
- You analyze the data, diagnose the real problems, and recommend changes to fix those problems.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 270
QNo.41 When is it useful to observe in context to observation process? [3]
Answer:-
Observing is useful at any time during product development. Early in design, observation helps designers understand users' needs. Other types of observation are done later to examine whether the developing prototype meets users' needs
REF:: Handouts Page No. 361
QNo.42 Discuss the model problems of multiple undo.
Answer:-
The problems with multiple undo are not due to its behavior as much as they are due to its manifest model. Most undo facilities are constructed in an unrelentingly function-centric manner. They remember what the user does function-by-function and separate the user's actions by individual function. In the time-honored way of creating manifest models that follow implementation models, undo systems tend to model code and data structures instead of user goals. Each click of the Undo button reverses precisely one function-sized bite of behavior. Reversing on a function-by-function basis is a very appropriate mental model for solving most simple problems caused by the user making an erroneous entry. Users sense it right away and fix it right away, usually within a two- or three-function
Limit.
For Example
The Paint program in Windows 95 had a fixed, three-action undo limit. However, when the problem grows more convoluted, the incremental, multiple undo models don't scale up very well.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 314
QNo.43 how can we improve data retrieval through "storage and retrieval Systems"?
Answer:-
A storage system is a method for safekeeping goods in a repository. It is a physical system composed of a container and the tools necessary to put objects in and take them back out again. A retrieval system is a method for finding goods in a repository. It is a logical system that allows the; goods to be located according to some abstract value, like name, position or some aspect of the; contents
REF:: Handouts Page No. 402
QNo.44 Does it is necessary for evaluation team to have the expertise needed to do the evaluation? Justify your answer with example.
Answer:-
Does the evaluation team have the expertise needed to do the evaluation?
Example, if no one has used models to evaluate systems before, then basing an evaluation on this approach is not sensible. It is no use planning to use experts to review an interface if none are available. Similarly, running usability tests requires expertise. Analyzing video can take many hours, so someone with appropriate expertise and equipment must be available to do it. If statistics are to be used, then a statistician should be consulted before starting the evaluation and then again later for analysis, if appropriate.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 402
QNo.45 Define reliability in term of evaluation technique. [1]
Answer:-
The reliability or consistency of a technique is how well it produces the same results on separate occasions under the same circumstances. Different evaluation processes have different degrees of reliability.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 268
QNo.45 what is the first step which describes the process of defining the interaction framework?
Answer:-
DEFINING FORM FACTOR AND INPUT METHODS
REF:: Handouts Page No. 205
QNo.46 what is meant by term "Color shows relationships" with respect to misuse of colors in visual Interface? [2]
Answer:-
Color shows relationships. Color can provide a means of grouping or relating objects together.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 358
QNo.47 Explain any four disadvantages of Low-fidelity prototyping.
Answer:-
- Limited error checking.
- Poor detailed specification to code to.
- Facilitator-driven.
- Limited utility after requirements established.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 211
QNo.48 Explain any two necessary conditions regarding "Page Names"?
Answer:-
- Street signs are big. When you're stopped at an intersection, you can read the sign for the next cross street.
- They're in the right place—hanging ovsr the street you're driving on, so all you have to do is glance up.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 290
QNo.48 can we make computers "see" and "feel"?
Answer:-
We'd have to understand how the human body processes these things. Seeing is the easier of the two, but unless you are talking of some tactile sensor, I don't know how someone would make a computer feel.
REF:: http://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110211192325AAE48Gs
QNo.48 Describe quantitative data analysis.
Answer:-
Video data collected in usability laboratories is usually annotated as it is observed Small teams of evaluator's watch monitors showing what is being recorded in a control room out of the users' sight. As they see errors or unusual behavior, one of the evaluators marks the video and records a brief remark. When the test is finished evaluators can use the annotated recording to calculate performance times so they can compared users' performance on different prototypes
REF:: Handouts Page No. 368
QNo.49 Explain the following in context of problems with the web experience:
No sense of scale.
No sense of location.
Answer:-
- No sense of scale.
Even after we've used a Web site extensively, unless it's a very small site we tend to have very little sense of how big it is (50 pages? 1,000? 17,000?). For all we know, there could be huge corners we've never explored. Compare this to a magazine, a museum, or a department store, where you always have at least a rough sense of the seen/unseen ratio. The practical result is that it's very hard to know whether you've seen everything of interest in a site, which means it's hard to know when to stop looking.
- No sense of location.
In physical spaces, as we move around we accumulate knowledge about the space. We develop a sense of where things are and can take shortcuts to get to them. We may get to the chainsaws the first time by following the signs, but the next time we're just as likely to think,
REF:: Handouts Page No. 283,284
QNo.50 Explain the following planes of Conceptual Framework for developing an interactive product.
The Structure Plane
The Scope Plane
The Surface Plane
The Strategy Plane
Answer:-
The Structure Plane
The skeleton is a concrete expression of the more abstract structure of the site. The skeleton might define the placement of the interface elements on our checkout page; the structure would define how users got to that page and where they could go when they were finished there. The skeleton might define the arrangement of navigational items allowing the users to browse categories of books; the structure would define what those categories actually were.
The Scope Plane
The structure defines the way in which the various features and functions of the site fit together. Just what those features and functions are constitutes the scope of the site. Some sites that sell books offer a feature that enables users to save previously used addresses so they can be used again. The question of whether that feature-or any feature-is included on a site is a question of scope.
The Surface Plane
On the surface you see a series of Web pages, made up of images and text. Some of these images are things you can click on, performing some sort of function such as taking you to a shopping cart. Some of these images are just illustrations, such as a photograph of a book cover or the logo of the site itself.
The Strategy Plane
The scope is fundamentally determined by the strategy of the site. This strategy incorporates not only what the people running the site want to get out of it but what the users want to get out of the site as well. In the case of our bookstore example, some of the strategic objectives are pretty obvious: Users want to buy books, and we want to sell them. Other objectives might not be so easy to articulate
REF:: Handouts Page No. 306, 307
QNo.51 Explain the term "Accessibility" with respect to Emerging Paradigms.
Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a system is usable by as many people as possible without modification. It is not to be confused with usability which is used to describe how easily a thing can be used by any type of user. One meaning of accessibility specifically focuses on people with disabilities and their use of assistive devices such as screen-reading web browsers or wheelchairs.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 408
QNo.52 Different between evaluation and usability?
| Evaluation | Usability |
REF:: Handouts Page No. 259,264 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usability_testing
|
|
QNo.52 Define excise?
Answer:-
When we decide to drive to the office, we must open the garage door, get in, start the motor, back out, and close the garage door before we even begin the forward motion that will take us to our destination. All these actions are in support of the automobile rather than in support of getting to the destination.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 245
QNo.53 Name types of navigation?
Answer:-
- Navigation between multiple windows or screens
- Navigation between panes within a window (or frames in a page)
- Navigation between tools or menus in a pane
- Navigation within information displayed in a pane or frame (for example: scrolling, panning, zooming, following links)
REF:: Handouts Page No. 249
QNo.54 What are Ancillary Application Windows?
Answer:-
Ancillary application windows are windows that are not really part of the application's functionality, but are provided as a matter of convention
REF:: Handouts Page No. 396
QNo.55 How data needs are different from functional needs? [3]
Answer:-
Functional needs are the operations that need to be performed on the objects of the system and which are eventually translated into interface controls. Functional needs also define places or containers where objects or information in the interface must be displayed.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 204
QNo.56 What is the widespread misconception about the error messages?
Answer:-
This is a widespread misconception. Most error message boxes are informing the user of the inability of the program to work flexibly. Most error message boxes seem to the user like an admission of
real stupidity on the program's part.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 382
QNo.57 List three characteristics that must be present in a good website. 3
Answer:-
Good Keywords
Good keywords are the very first building blocks you must consider before your webpage even becomes a dim notion in your head
Simple Design
Keep it simple. You must keep your webpage simple and direct. Keep it professional
Easy Navigation
A great webpage will have easy and simple navigation.
REF:: http://ezinearticles.com/?7-Characteristics-Of-A-Great-Webpage&id=155509
QNo.58 How visual explicitness of the GUI helps casual or first-time user to navigate and learn what tasks are appropriate and when? How can we relate excise with expert users? [4+6]
Answer:-
One of the main criticisms leveled at graphical user interfaces by experienced computer users — notably those trained on command-line systems — is that getting to where you want to go is made slower and more difficult by the extra effort that goes into manipulating windows and icons. Users complain that, with a command line, they can just type in the desired command and the computer executes it immediately. With windowing systems, they must open various folders looking for the desired file or program before they can launch it. Then, after it appears on the screen, they must stretch and drag the window until it is in the desired location and configuration
Any user willing to learn a command-line interface automatically qualifies as a power user. And any power user of a command-line interface will quickly become a power user of any other type of interface, GUI included. These users will easily learn each nuance of the programs they use. They will start up each program with a clear idea of exactly what it is they want to do and how they want to do it. To this user, the assistance offered to the casual or first-time user is just in the way.
REF:: Handouts Page No. 246
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